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Al Ghiffari Forest Community Indonesia is a non-profit organization that provides education and training in environmental management.
Our Mission is to create a sustainable economy through the use of integrated waste treatment based agriculture.
Our vision is to create farming communities in developing countries that reduce waste, enhance existing farming techniques, and through research develop sustainable, environmentally friendly resources.
Our Objectives are as follows:
. Produce milk, fish and grain and other foods now mostly imported using integrated bio-system techniques. . Produce bio-gas and fertilizers at farm and village levels to replace imports. . Generate electricity from bio-gas, ice and hot water produced in villages and farms. . Provide bio-gas as transportation fuel, from the villages to supply the rest of the surrounding community. . Develop poly culture fish on land as well as in the lagoon and sea. . Use cold ocean water along with waste waters as fertilizer to boost the growth of vegetables.
Wates Management Based Integrated Farming by: Ishaq Ibrahim Non Profit Organization Alghiffari Forest Community Indonesia
Application of the Modern or the Intensive agriculture-oriented high yield has changed the culture and mindset for peasant communities in Indonesia, from traditional peasant farmers who previously independent become dependent as it is today. This is caused by intensive farming systems that make the farmer to continue dependent on the giver's means of production such as fertilizers and chemical pesticides. As a result of which occurred in the environment of this problem is: as a result of the use of chemical fertilizers are constantly affecting the condition of agricultural land today's society, because the chemicals can seep into the soil to kill microscopic substances useful life in the soil useful to enrich the soil as a place to grow crops. Equally we know would only be fertile ground if there are organic materials that just like the remnants of forage and manure in the soil, but due to the use of chemical pesticides was found to damage the biodiversity on land and the land of living . Because the reality on the ground only a few pesticides that are used by many farmers to the target properly, this happens because the insects that actually benefit farmers and the plants eventually die anyway due to the use of chemical poisons such pesticides. In addition to the soil and plant chemicals from chemical fertilizers and pesticides will also give effect to human health either directly or indirectly, in lagsung examples of chemical pesticides will disrupt the health due to inhalation of the spray while humans consume indirectly result which already contain agricultural chemicals. At first use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to accelerate the harvesting and yield abundant, but as time went by that assumption was wrong. It is evident that farmers as food producers complained their crops no longer as good at the beginning of their use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and some farmers are crying because they are an empty stomach caused by crop failure one hundred percent. Not to mention the community of consumers who complained about the rapid decay of rice and tastes bland. To anticipate this move and it's time we started turning back toward the use of fertilizers and natural pesticides are actually in the past has been done by our ancestors, where the use of local seeds and natural fertilizers sebenarya is the entrance and as a tool for farmers to combat addiction farmers in order to release themselves from dependence on chemicals for this. Integrated agriculture provides tremendous benefits for the survival of farming communities in particular and the wider community in general. Because the pattern is a pattern-run organic farm that involves farmers need organic fertilizer, farmers as a fertilizer manufacturer organikny, and activities undertaken by the public markets as a producer of waste reprocessed into animal feed (silage), feed the fish (Peleting) and fodder chicken and poultry. Apart from improving the economy and public health, implementation of integrated farming patterns are also very influential on the restoration of environmental conditions, good soil conditions as growing media for agricultural, horticultural and animal husbandry, and water conditions are tainted by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
B. PURPOSE AND BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED FARM
With the increasing needs of society would live healthy, it needs food sources easily available, natural and free from harmful chemicals and healthy at affordable prices by the community, the purpose and benefits of implementing integrated farming are as follows:
1. Increasing productivity through creativity and ability to think and work skills of farmers to work toward efficiency and effectiveness that impact on work and welfare of farmers. 2. Increasing awareness of the dignity of farmers through farmers' rights according to the results towards a general appreciation of the impact on his social position. 3. Increasing public understanding and appreciation of organic agriculture as agriculture that provides the opportunity for farmers to megambil a true and fair decision, sehingg intertwined relationship harmonious, peaceful and fair. 4. Lowering the level of ketergantungn farmer against another party who mempunyi tendency to take Profit from farmers, by increasing local knowledge in terms of provision of agricultural inputs such as organic fertilizer, seeds of local and natural pesticides C. C. DESCRIPTION OF SOIL POLLUTION FROM USE PESTICIDES AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER
Environmental pollution is the introduction of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the lngkungan or change the order of the environment by human activity or by natural processes so that environmental quality decreases to a certain level which causes the environment becomes less or no longer suited to berfingsi allotment (Principles of Environmental Management Act No. 4 / 1982).
Pollution may arise as a result of human activities or caused by natural (eg volcanic eruption, toxic gases). Environmental science typically discusses pollution caused by human activity, which can be prevented and controlled. Due to human activities, environmental pencermaran inevitable. Environmental pollution can not be avoided. What can be done is to reduce pollution, pollution control, and increase awareness and community care for the environment so as not to contaminate lingkngan.
We all know that Indonesia is a country that is rich in natural resources. One such property, Indonesia has a very fertile ground because it was in the area that young age, so that within it there are many volcanoes are able to restore the surface of a rich young again nutrients.
Land is a place of life at the macro microorganisms beneficial to other living creatures, including humans. Microorganisms that inhabit the land can be divided into bacteria, fungi, aktinomisetes, algae, and protozoa. The number and type of soil microorganisms are influenced by environmental changes.
But over time, fertility of land owned by Indonesia, many of which are used according to the rules that apply without regard to long-term impacts resulting from the processing of land. With the increasing knowledge possessed by humans, the higher the level of competitiveness to achieve simplicity in every activity of daily life. One vital thing that did not escape from the application of knowledge have a major impact on agricultural activities homeland which incidentally is the largest income source of some communities in this agricultural country. To obtain maximum results with time as efficiently as possible in agricultural activities so diwujudkanlah so by the use of pesticides for agricultural activity takes place. To meet the economic development that is currently increasing, then the much-needed science of fertilizers and pesticides. Because it involves matters of agriculture and plantation which is a major aspect of the economy State of Indonesia which has a tropical climate.
The use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture is a dilemma. On the one hand is needed in the provision of food, on the other hand unwittingly lead to various negative impacts, both on humans, animals, microbes and the environment. Use of pesticides shall comply with the requirements and applicable laws and regulations. Its use should be reserved eradicate plant pests and minimal selective and target harmful organisms. Not many realize until recently that the use of agrochemical ingredients to boost the production of excessive environmental damage and loss of soil containing nutrients. In addition, the quality of the resulting production will decline. In Indonesia, land pollution is a problem that must be faced. The use of fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities cause pollution to the soil and groundwater with toxic levels of a wide range. Degradation of agricultural land has been getting worse and with already mengendapnya pesticides and other agro-chemical substances in a long time. In fact, to restore soil nutrients may take hundreds of years, while for the damage only in a few short years. This is evident from the decrease in productivity due to loss of the ability of soil to produce nutrients.
There are several other negative effects the use of synthetic pesticides is not appropriate. First, water pollution and soil that will eventually affect humans and other creatures in the form of contaminated food and beverages. Second, the demise of the natural enemies of pests and pathogens and will lead to resurgence, the pest that is much more severe than ever. Third, the possibility of secondary pest attack. For example: synthetic insecticide spraying on a regular basis to control armyworm (primary pests) can kill other insects like stinky worship which is a predatory aphids (secondary pests). Consequently after armyworm can be controlled, most likely the plants will be attacked by aphids. Fourth, the death of useful and beneficial insects such as bees are extremely versatile for pollination. Fifth, the emergence of immunity / resistance to pests and pathogens to synthetic pesticides. Based on these considerations, any plans to use synthetic pesticides should be considered more carefully about how to use the most secure, on the one hand effective against targets, on the other side safe for users and the environment.
Actually, not all types of insects, worms (nematode) and others are pests and diseases for plants, but poison the insects have been killed. But these little creatures are very necessary to further soil fertility. If the spraying done to excess or measure that is used too much, then that will happen is a loss. Soil around the plants will be exposed to pesticide contamination. As a result of these tiny creatures that many who participated terbasmi, so that soil fertility be damaged by it. It is not possible tragedy aridity and drought occur.
And due to the most severe, soil fertility in fields that use pesticides from year to year menurun.Dunia modern agriculture is the world's myths of modernity success. Success is measured by how many crops are produced. More and more, increasingly considered to be advanced. In Indonesia, the use of chemical pesticides is part of the Green Revolution, an ambitious project of the New Order to spur agricultural production by using modern technology, which began in the 1970s.
Chop the green revolution in Indonesia is seen in the 1980s. At that time, the government mengkomando rice cultivation, forcing the use of imported seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and others. As a result, Indonesia had enjoyed self-sufficiency in rice. But in the decade of the 1990s, farmers began to dither facing pest attack, soil fertility decline, dependence on the increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides are not effective anymore, and the government controlled the price of grain. The green revolution is ever increasing grain production, but the result:
1. Various soil fertility organisms destroyed 2. Declining soil fertility / barren 3. Soil containing residues (sludge) pesticide 4. Agricultural products containing pesticide residues 5. Damaged ecosystem balance; and 6. Detonation occurs and the number of pest attack.
If pesticides are used within the bounds of reasonableness in accordance with instructions for use may be an action that could minimize the scope of the risks involved humans and nature. Pesticide blindly could invite disaster.
Therefore, pesticide issues demanding the attention of all parties, not just the officials, not only sipemakai services. We all bear collective responsibility for our own environment. Pesticides not only became the responsibility of panghasil factory, and responsibilities that give permission pemrintah production, but the responsibility of all parties, all peoples and all nations. If in a country of a type of pesticide has been investigated, declared hazardous and prohibited for use, should all countries of the world also have to understand it and go do it. Are biased in taking the steps would not help. use of pesticides banned but still manufactured and even exported kenegara neighbors.
Every effort must involve all parties pembrantasan and comprehensive, if expected to succeed. Hopefully in future cases resulting from the use or production of pesticides started to shrink or even disappear altogether. Although difficult, we are all striving for a risk to the environment was increasingly reduced.
D. D. PHASE-PHASE handling AGRICULTURAL LAND POLLUTION
Soil contamination can also impact on ecosystems. Changes in soil chemical radicals may arise from the presence of toxic chemicals / hazardous even at low doses though. These changes can cause changes in metabolism of endemic and antropoda microorganisms that live in the land environments. As a result, can even destroy some of the primary species of the food chain, which can give a great result against predators or other levels of the food chain. Even if the chemical effect on the lowest form of life is low, the bottom of the food pyramid to swallow foreign chemicals that in time they will be concentrated on the creatures of the inhabitants of the pyramid. Many of these effects are seen at this time, as the concentration of DDT in birds caused eggshell fragility, increased levels of seedling mortality and the possible loss of species.
The impact on agriculture, especially changes in plant metabolism, which in turn can cause a decrease in agricultural output. This can cause further impact on the conservation of crop where plants are not able to hold the soil from erosion. Some of these contaminants have long half-life and in other cases derivative chemicals will be formed from the main soil contaminants. By him that there are several treatment steps to reduce the impact caused by soil contamination. Among them:
• Remidiasi
Remediation is an activity to clean up contaminated soil surface. There are two types of soil remediation, namely in-situ (or on-site) and ex-situ (or off-site). Cleaning is a cleaning on-site at the location. This cleaning is cheaper and easier, consisting of cleaning, venting (injection), and bioremediation. Cleaning off-site include the excavation of contaminated soil and then taken to a safe area. After that the area is safe, the land is cleansed of contaminants. The trick is, the soil is stored in the tub / tank is impermeable, then cleaning agent is pumped into the tub / tank. Furthermore pollutants pumped out of the tub is then processed by the installation of waste water processing. Off-site cleaning is far more expensive and complicated.
• Bioremediation
Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic substances or toxic (carbon dioxide and water).
The process of recovery of agricultural land in this case would have to pay attention to those aspects that berkitan with cost, time effectiveness, efficiency, appropriate and well targeted according to the environmental conditions of soil, climate conditions, and conditions of the community, social and cultural. As farm fields necessary thing to consider is the type of soil and fertility rates, how much residue is found on the land caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. From the assessment process that we got then we can determine how long the recovery process as a medium of paddy land is one hundred percent free of residue that can kill the invader.
B. Production Aspect
1. Description
Of the 10 hectares of land prepared for the actual food needs for 125 people, divided into three sectors, namely: agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector. In addition to these three sectors, for land protection, the land around planted cover crops (green belt). These cover crops can also increase the productivity of agricultural produce integrated, namely agriculture (vegetables and fruits), livestock (green fodder). Making the lake in addition to fish culture, also for water supply in the dry season.
1.1. Agriculture
For the agricultural sector prepared rainfed lowland area of 5.5 hectares and the annual crop land area of 0.75 hectares (devoted to the cultivation of papaya and banana). From an area of 5.5 hectares of paddy fields above, during post-harvest cultivation of crops used for vegetable and fruit. As for planting cover crops around the area of integrated farming area of 1 hectare of land required. Plants that are planted as cover crops are: mango, melinjo and Gliricidia.
Planting rice is planted twice a year, taking advantage of the rainy season between October and April. While the planting of vegetables and fruits carried out during post-season rice harvest in the dry season. To maximize the results from these crops, the planting frequency is maximized with respect to the production age of the plant species. There are plants that only one production, but nothing can produce many times.
1.2 Livestock
For the livestock sector, land area of 1.25 hectares prepared. There are three types of commodities to be cultivated in this sector, namely: beef fattening systems (fattening) of beef cattle, dairy cattle with dairy cattle and egg laying ducks with duck farming. All three are managed by an intensive system, with perkandangan system that requires a land area of 0.25 hectares, while for the planting of HMT as a supporter of beef cattle and dairy cows needed area of 1 hectare of land planted with grass king grass.
1. 3 Fishery
For the fisheries sector, prepared the land area of 1 hectare which created a pool (1 pool large and 4 small pond). Types of cultured fish is freshwater fish. Product freshwater fisheries potential is cultivated fish Patin (Pangasius holy), Mas (Cyprinus carpio), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Gurame (Osphronemus gouramy). Catfish excess has a high fat content, has a solid structure and good meat, and tolerant of low water quality. While the advantages of common carp and tilapia is easy in maintenance and relatively fast growth. Gourami has a trade value is high enough and the meat has a compact structure, is also an herbivorous animal that is food terbanyaknya forage, making it more efficient in the use of feed.
2. Production Capacity
The production capacity of each commodity is adjusted for the market demand, ie the actual food needs to the 125 capita per year, which is a minimal reference to be achieved. In addition, adjusted also with the ability (productivity) of the existing land.
To meet the needs of 125 capita per year, each commodity must maximize its production capacity by maximizing the quality and quantity of feed, fertilizer, seed, labor and other production facilities.
Productivity of agricultural commodities expressed in units of kg / tree or ton / ha which is influenced by plant spacing and plant population per unit area of land, so that production capacity every year is a function of the area is used and the frequency of plantings in a year on the same land. With a land area of 6.25 hectares, the agricultural sector to produce a minimum of 30 tons of rice, 23 tonnes of vegetables and 23 tons of fruit annually.
Productivity of livestock and fishery commodities expressed in units of kg (meat and fish) or liters (milk) or grains (eggs) per unit of livestock. Meat is part of the carcass. Livestock and fish populations is limited by the capacity and number of cages and ponds are used, so that annual production capacity is a function of livestock and fish populations are maintained sepanjamg year, or the number of cages when completed according to the capacity and frequency of maintenance in a year in the same cage . From livestock and fisheries sector is expected to generate at least 23,000 liters of milk, 10 tons of beef, 46,000 eggs and 23 tons of fish ducks each year.
3. Production Process
3.1. Agriculture
Culture systems will be done on the agricultural sector is organic farming systems (organic farming). Namely by using organic fertilizers in agricultural production enterprises integrated waste, without using chemicals. But at the beginning of this effort, the system used is semi-organic, because they still use artificial fertilizers, although no chemical pesticides. This was taken because of soil conditions that will be used for this effort-poor soil nutrients. Step into the organic farming continues to be reached by maximizing the use of organic fertilizer (manure and compost) and minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers, and someday it will generate 100% organic farming.
a. Paddy
This type of rice planted with IR 64 is the potential production of 5500 kg of dry milled rice / ha. With a yield of 50%, it is expected from the land area of 5.5 hectares will be able to produce some 15 tonnes of rice per harvest or 30 tons / year. Planting done in the rainy season (between October-April) to facilitate the fulfillment of water requirements for rice plant. The stages to generate optimal rice production, among others: • Hatchery • Preparation of land • Planting • Maintenance which includes: - Irrigation - Fertilization - Control of pest and disease • Harvest and post harvest b. Vegetables and Fruit
Cultivation of vegetable crops largely implemented at the time of post-harvest rice by making use of the former land rice cultivation. Commodities are prepared to fill the land is long beans, spinach, kale, mustard greens, peppers and eggplant purple curly, and watermelon fruit. In addition, land used for paddy cultivation also be used for corn and soybeans that results can be sold or sent to a warehouse for the manufacture of feed rations for livestock, and hijauannya can be used to feed livestock. Medicinal plants are also grown by utilizing the former land area of 0.25 hectares of paddy crop, given the high selling price and the amount of benefit from the results of these medicinal plants.
In addition to annual crops, annual crops which also planted papaya and banana in a special land. Planting cover crops on 10 hectares of land around it also can produce fruits and vegetables, the mango fruit and leaves and fruit melinjo melinjo.
Planting beans require a land area of 0.25 ha which will produce 3 tons of fresh beans for 1 times the planting season. Planting spinach requires a land area of 0.25 ha which will produce 6.25 tonnes for 4 times a growing season. Planting kale requires a land area of 0.25 ha which can produce 9 tons for 2 times a growing season. Planting mustard greens require a land area of 0.25 ha of land that can produce about 5 tons for 2 times a growing season. Curly chili planted in an area of 0.25 ha, to produce 1.88 tons of chillies in 1 planting seasons. For planting eggplant purple requires an area of 0.25 ha with the results of 3 tons for 1 times the planting season. From the results of these vegetable crops have to produce vegetables 28.13 tons / year. If one added the results from crop cultivation as a crop protector melinjo which also produces a fruit and leaf vegetables melinjo some 17.5 tons, the total vegetable that can be produced per year is 45.63 tonnes. So that can be believed to be able to meet the needs of 125 people some 23 tons / year.
Total for the use of vegetable planting area of 1.75 ha. In addition, an area of 3 ha will be planted with crops, namely corn and soybean area of 2 ha area of 1 ha. Corn is grown from varieties that produce corn Arjuna pipil some 5.7 tons / ha during the first planting seasons. As for soybean varieties with soybean seed Orba can produce some 1.6 tonnes / ha during the first planting seasons. Results from these crops can be supplied to the warehouse as an ingredient of feed rations for livestock feed production. So the total land for planting vegetables and crops is an area of 4.75 ha.
Time post-harvest paddy land which is 0.75 ha is used for planting watermelon seeds and plants covering an area of 0.5 ha family medicine (TOGA) area of 0.25 ha. Watermelon plants grown with a spacing of 3 mx 0.5 m, the population of 3333 trees with a minimum weight of 3 kg per fruit, then at least be able to generate some 9 tons of watermelon fruit. While the family of medicinal plants in the form of ginger, kencur, turmeric and laos with total area of 625 m2 each one will be able to produce 3.75 tonnes / year. In addition to an area of 5.5 ha of wetland was also prepared land for planting annual fruit crops, namely papaya and banana. For planting papaya requires an area of 0.25 ha with a spacing of 2 mx 2 m, each tree produces fruit papaya 60 kg / year, with total 625 trees will be harvested papaya fruits of 37.5 tons / year. For banana cultivation with total area of 0.25 ha, with spacing of 3 mx 3 m will produce 11 tons of bananas of 555 trees (20 kg / tree). In addition, the planting of mango plants as cover crops will produce a number of mangoes 6.25 tons / yr. So the total fruit that can be generated either from annual crops of annual plants mahupun is 63.75 tons / yr. This amount is far more than the minimum target of 23 tons / yr. Thus the need for fruit for 125 people per year are believed to be fulfilled.
3.2 Livestock
Cultivation system applied to the livestock sector is an intensive cultivation system. This system couples may be implemented, given the number of cattle that are not big terlalut on each commodity. Maintenance of good beef and beef cattle dairy cow performed in individual cages, while for the duck farm in the cage group. The food is by using a commercial feed that amount adjusted for body weight of each animal except on feeding poultry commodities made in ad-libitum (food was always available). Green forage grasses form provided primarily for dairy cows and beef cattle. Duck farm also provided forage in small percentages to meet the needs of rough fiber.
a. Fattening beef cattle
For meat production, the activity of the most effective thing to do is kegiaatn fattening (fattening) of beef cattle. Activities carried out by way of fattening cattle fattening Simenthal or an old Limousin 1 to 1.5 years with initial weight 400 kg, in individual cages. Fattening conducted over + 4 months and is expected to reach the final weight of 500 kg with the average weight gain per day 0.83 kg. Food that is given should be a combination of concentrate to forage. Forage can be obtained from the planting of forage or fodder from agricultural waste. Going to beef cattle can be purchased from farms that sell calves for fattening.
To meet the needs of beef to 10 tons / yr, assuming the weight of meat is 45% of live weight, then the number of beef cattle are fattened in each year is 45 head. So each fattening period (4 months), the number of beef cattle to be fattened is 15 head. b. Dairy cows
In the dairy cattle farming is done in the individual cages. This is done to facilitate the handling of dairy cows and milk produced. Keeping dairy cattle has started with the purchase of virgin cows nation FH (Frisian Holland) 2-year-old who is ready to be married with body weight 300 kg.
With a minimum target of milk production of 23,000 liters / yr, the dairy cows that would maintain a total of 12 heads. If the production of dairy cows are at least 10 liters / head / day, it will be produced some 43,800 liters / yr. The amount that is sufficient beyond a minimum target.
To support the cultivation is done by feeding the form of concentrates and forage quality is adequate, supported by the irregular implementation of the reproductive system of Artificial Insemination and good health management system. It is expected that dairy cows have maintained pregnancy rate and milk production is good and high. In addition, to maintain the health of cattle, also provided a special place for the exercise of planted grass. Exercise is done every morning.
To keep the stability of milk production, dairy cows that have been aged 7 years (5 years maintained) diafkir and replaced with a new virgin cows with the purchase of seed sources of dairy cows in Balitnak or the sale of dairy cows ..
Significant byproduct that can be obtained from dairy cattle is the result of artificial insemination calf. Approximately 1 month of age, calves are sold direct bias or raised by way of noise (for results) with farmers in the environment surrounding the project.
c. Provision of Food Animal Forage (HMT)
To meet the needs of green fodder (HMT), then provided the land area of 1 hectare for planting grass king grass. To optimize the production is done good management. Manure and urea fertilizer is sufficient, good care and regular harvesting every 40 days (rainy season) and 60 days (dry season), fresh grass is expected to be produced in a continuous and adequate to meet the needs of forage for cattle and beef dairy every day. With good management, the harvest may be as many as 7 times per year per plant. For hijauannya production stability, rejuvenation king grass needs to be done every five years. Waste (green) of corn plants can also be used as green fodder.
Meanwhile, to meet the needs of forage for the duck farm, the crops planted kale, spinach, sweet potato and other vegetable crops that meet the needs for animal feed ducks tersbeut around the cage.
d. Duck
In cultured duck been intensified with the cage system groups. Each cage covering an area of 9 m2 equipped with play area of 9 m2 land and water channels covering an area of 9 m2 for 50 adult ducks. With a minimum target number of 125 eggs duck eggs / day or 45,625 grains / year, then the number of preserved duck farm is 250 head. Productivity is estimated to average 63% per year, bringing the total number of duck eggs produced to reach 57,485 points / yr. This number already exceeds the target needs eggs for 125 people per year. For that made the cage a number of 5 units. Cages are made in such a way, so that hygiene can be maintained with a good cage.
Maintenance duck has started with the purchase of some 263 heads of duck virgin (with an estimated mortality of 5%). Ducks chosen virgin who is ready to enter the spawning period (age 5-6 months) maintained for twice the production period for 15 months, and diafkir before entering the second period of feather loss to be replaced with new ones. This way will save feed costs, provided that the ducks could get a good virgin. Candidates duck duck can be purchased from a breeder who sells seeds for maintenance. 3.3 Fisheries
Culture systems used in meeting the needs of these fish is by way of enlargement. For fish rearing activities Patin, Mas and Nila implemented using floating nets (KJA) intensively. Magnification using cage culture system was performed on 2 units of floating net cages for each commodity or species of fish, so the total requirement is 6 KJA KJA. For every 1 unit of floating net cage consists of 4 nets with a net area of each 7m x 7m with a capacity of 2500 head / nets. The time needed in a single rearing period is 6 months, so within a year could be 2 times the period of enlargement of each species. For the continuity needs of fish every day, then the harvesting is done every 2 weeks at number one net, with a total weight of fish + 875 kg, with a rotating system. So planting bibitnyapun every 2 weeks once some 2500 head.
As for carp rearing pond was held on the ground (ground pools). Swimming is an area of land used by 4 450 m2 pool, with a capacity of 2500 head / pond. Enlargement of time gourami is 1 year, so that in one year only 1 time of production. For continuity it needs carp harvesting is done every 3 months at 1 pond, with a total weight of fish + 875 kg, with a rotating system. So planting bibitnyapun every 3 months of 2500 head.
Feed is one of the most important factor in determining the success of this fish rearing activities. The criteria that need attention from the feed factor is exactly the type of feed (in accordance with the stage of growth and behavior of fish) by considering the quality, quantity and continuity with the economical price, so from a number of feed given may be converted into meat to the fullest. Food that is provided in the form of commercial pellets. Especially for carp were given additional food such as leaves sente, tales leaf, watercress leaf, and so forth. To estimate the FCR, at the beginning of this enlargement of about 1.8 and as the period of enlargement will continue to be reduced as low as possible.
4.4 Facility and Equipment Requirements
Facilities and production equipment and supporters was held in accordance with the needs of cultivation per production unit. Development office, warehouse, processing room, storage space, cage handling and so on, arranged such that the effective and efficient. So is the use of transport vehicles that usually are needed at certain times such as land management, transportation of fertilizer and seeds, and harvesting. Some of them can be used simultaneously, especially when the same or adjacent location. Sharing also depends on the position of each unit in the organizational structure (management).
The amount was adjusted with a production capacity every year, so as to avoid investment in excess of needs. Complete data on the needs of public facilities and production facilities can be seen in the commodity table in the appendix Rep. Several major infrastructure used are:
Office;
Public facilities for the coordination of the leadership with employees and administration center
Warehouse tools and materials;
Public facilities to store equipment, seed, fertilizer and feed
handling and drying room;
Means with the accessories to make the product processing
Mess employees;
Means of permanent residence for employees is centralized, with the completeness
Saung;
Resting place at the location of agricultural land
Cage;
Place of husbandry, with different types of cages according to their function
Swimming and KJA;
Place fish maintenance, with various types of ponds according to their function
Road;
Public infrastructure to facilitate transportation
Fences;
General infrastructure to protect the production of complex environmental problems
Hand Tractor;
Used as an earth moving equipment for agricultural commodities, and processing of rice paddy land
Water pumps and water storage tower, electrical installation Machine dairy milk
Replacement machine milking by hand
Chopper;
Machines for cutting the grass before the king granted to the cattle
Tresher;
Machines for paddy thresher and corn shellers
Other equipment commonly used in agricultural production, livestock and fisheries, such as hoes, sprayer, lawn mower, weights and so on, the numbers are adjusted for the amount of labor, land area or production capacity of the other parameters. Other additional equipment not directly related to production but needed for building maintenance, communications and administration are also provided, such as cleaning equipment, radios handy-talkies and other office facilities and equipment.
V. Power Production
In each sector there are still workers who are responsible for land area or sector of production. The following are the fixed labor requirements for each commodity and the type of work.
III. INTEGRATED FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURE
3.1 Basic Assumptions and Technical Coefficients
Some basic assumptions and technical coefficients used in the preparation of cash flow (cash flow) of this effort are: a. Age of this business is 10 years (from year to-0, then evaluated until year 10) which is determined based on the technical life of major equipment. b. Production capacity is based on efforts to meet the adequacy of actual food for 125 people and the capabilities and productivity of existing land. c. The investment cost incurred in year 0 (period 2002-2003), and the remaining value is calculated proportionally on the basis of age and the lifetime usage. d. The production process starts from year 1 (2003-2004). e. The source of capital comes entirely from the Indonesian Islamic Boarding School Foundation (YPI), as the owners of capital. f. The prices used are prices prevailing in 2002, assuming constant prices over the life of the project g. Discount on the interest rate of 12%.
Other technical data, including the size of land / building, the residual value of investment, and prices are used, in full can be found in Appendix Cash Flow.
3.2 Structure of Costs and Benefits
The cost structure in general can be divided into investment costs and operational costs, while operating costs include fixed costs and variable costs. Investment costs are the costs required to hold production facilities and infrastructure at the start of the production process. Fixed costs are costs both value types and structure will not change from a production process to the next production process even though production volumes or product mix changes. While the definition of variable costs is the cost of the total value and composition of cost can be changed from a production process to the next production process. Variable cost is strongly influenced by the cost of production.
3.3 Projected Cash Flow
Project cash flow projections for 10 years since the initial investment outlined in the attached tables.
3.4 Financial Analysis
Based on the assumptions and structure of costs and benefits that have been mentioned in the translation of these, at a discount rate of 12% financial value of the project can be found in Appendix Cash Flow. According to the feasibility criteria, integrated agricultural projects with total area of approximately 10 (ten) acres is categorized as eligible to run. Parameter values credentials are as follows:
a. NPV (Net Present Value) = USD $ 2,374,516,310.00 b. Net B / C = 5.76 c. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) = 91.41% d. BEP (Break Event Point) = 1.35 years (1 year 4 months 6 days since the start of production). According to the criteria of an integrated agricultural project feasibility including categories eligible to run.
NPV over the life of the project indicate that this business is able to give a profit of USD 2,374,516,310.00 according to the value of money now. Net Value B / C indicates that for every single rupiah costs will produce benefits amounting to 5.76 dollars. IRR indicates that up interest rates even as high as 91.41% of this business will still suffer losses, and this value also ensures that the realization of an integrated agricultural business is far more profitable than depositing money in the bank. Breakeven time showed that only in 1 year more than 4 months 6 days from the commencement of this effort is ultimately financial balance is positive or in other words already started turning profits.
IV. CLOSING
Implementation of the proposal "Integrated Agricultural actulitation Requirements for Adequate Public Life" involves the entire potential of natural resources and human resources who are competent in their field, is expected with 10 hectares of land managed by 2 people managers are later able to meet actual food needs for 125 people. From the implementation of this proposal is expected to create educated farmers are strong and have a vision for the future are concerned with the life of the nation, so as to meet actual food needs for all the people of this nation.
From the financial aspects, based on the criteria of each parameter is analyzed, integrated agricultural business is to provide results that are economically beneficial and safe. According to the criteria of feasibility, this business is categorized as eligible to run. Various possible development or improvement can still occur in the implementation of this effort later in the field, according to the actual needs of existing and during this time.
THIS IS THE INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS THAT WE OFFER TO ANYONE WHO is pleased BERINFESTASI IN THIS BUSINESS, AND WILLING TO COLLABORATE WITH OUR SYSTEM WITH MUTUAL BENEFIT TO HOPE TO BE LIKE THIS MODEL STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTITIONERS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY agribusiness so that the challenge will be food shortages, economic crisis, energy crisis , the need for renewable energy, social inequality, poverty, farm worker communities and marginal urban communities can be answered by this program, even global warming is here to haunt us all the answers, the processing of organic waste from households and agricultural processing in ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM BASED INTEGRATED FARMING
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN CONTACT WITH HEART GLAD Ishaq Ibrahim 62870870626431
